However, simulating the interaction between a fluid and a solid is still a complicated problem. Using these methods, amorphous phenomena, such as smoke, fire, clouds, and liquids, can be modeled and rendered so realistically that people can hardly tell whether they were recorded by a camera or simulated by a computer. Several physically based methods have been proposed. In recent years, fluid simulation has become a hot topic in computer graphics.

The results demonstrate new interaction effects concerning the melting and solidification of material, even while being surrounded by liquids. Additionally, we propose a surface reconstruction technique based on considering the movement of the center of mass to reduce rendering errors in concave regions. In order to keep the system stable even in regions represented by a sparse set of particles we use a special kernel function for solidification processes.

By using an SPH approach and considering a new definition of a local reference shape, the simulation of merging and splitting of different objects, as may be caused by phase change processes, is made possible.

We significantly changed a prior elastic particle model to achieve a flexible model for melting and solidification. Using this approach, it is possible to simulate fluids and solids by only changing the attribute values of the underlying particles. Our technique uses the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method for the simulation of liquids, deformable as well as rigid objects, which eliminates the need to define an interface for coupling different models. We present a new method for the simulation of melting and solidification in a unified particle model.

Smoothed particle hydrodynamics book